منابع مشابه
To Modus
A COUNTEREXAMPLE TO MODUS PONENS* T HE rule of modus ponens, which tells us that from an indicative conditional rlf cjJ then 1/1 l, 1 together with its antecedent cjJ, one can infer 1/1, is one of the fundamental principles of logic. 2 Yet, as the following examples show, it is not strictly valid; there are occasions on which one has good grounds for believing the premises of an application of ...
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Hope is a crucial component of agency involving the setting of goals, visualization of obstacles, and increasing willpower in the effort of achieving a desired goal. This hope is not simply optimism and is potentially a bridge between structure and agency. Yet, the powers of hope in sociology have been greatly unexplored including the ability of collective hope to create social change. This lac...
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This paper defends a counterexample to Modus Tollens, and uses it to draw some conclusions about the logic and semantics of indicative conditionals and probability operators in natural language. Along the way we investigate some of the interactions of these expressions with knows, and we call into question the thesis that all knowledge ascriptions have truthconditions. A probabilistic dynamic s...
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Recent work in morphology in LFG (Nordlinger 1998, Sadler 1998, Barron 1998) has highlighted the fact that NPs in some languages inflect for the traditionally verbal categories of tense, aspect or mood (henceforth TAM). This phenomenon is extremely problematic for head-driven approaches such as HPSG, which assumes that clause-level information will be associated with clausal heads, and not with...
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Some mental categories map to percepts which are products of human behaviors, such as linguistic signals. Because behavior is learned and updated by experience, biases in the way a behavior is perceived can influence how it is reproduced, allowing behaviorally based categories to evolve over time. Here we show that this perception–production feedback loop can itself promote preservation of cont...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin
سال: 2016
ISSN: 2226-3365
DOI: 10.15293/2226-3365.1606.16